Austroasiatic Peoples
Mon-Khmer and Munda peoples: the oldest language stratum of mainland Southeast Asia, with outliers across eastern India.
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Munda5 groups
Munda branch5 groups
Birhor
Chota Nagpur Plateau of eastern India, mainly Jharkhand (Hazaribagh, Ranchi and neighboring districts), with smaller communities in Odisha, Chhattisgarh and West Bengal
Juang
The Keonjhar, Dhenkanal and Angul districts of northern Odisha, India, centered on the Gonasika hills.
Kodaku
Northern Chhattisgarh, India, chiefly the Surguja region (Surguja, Balrampur, Jashpur and nearby districts), with smaller numbers in adjoining states.
Palaungic4 groups
Bahnaric3 groups
Other Austroasiatic groups37 groups
Asur
The Netarhat plateau and surrounding uplands of western Jharkhand, India, chiefly Latehar, Gumla, Lohardaga and Palamu districts, with a small presence in neighboring West Bengal
Blang
Mountain villages of southern Yunnan, China, chiefly Xishuangbanna, Pu'er and Lincang prefectures, with related communities across the border in northeastern Myanmar
Bolyu
Western Guangxi, China, chiefly Longlin Various Nationalities Autonomous County in Baise, near the Guizhou and Yunnan borders
Brau
Uplands where Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia meet: Dak Me village in Vietnam's Kon Tum highlands, Attapeu in southern Laos, and Ratanakiri and Stung Treng in northeastern Cambodia
Cheq Wong
Central Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, around Gunung Benom and the Krau Wildlife Reserve
Cho Ro
Southeastern Vietnam, mainly Đồng Nai (around Xuân Lộc, Long Khánh and Định Quán) and the former Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu area, now part of Ho Chi Minh City
Chứt
Limestone uplands of the Annamite Range in western Quảng Bình (part of Quảng Trị Province since 2025), central Vietnam, near the Lao border
Gie Trieng
Truong Son highlands of central Vietnam, in former Kon Tum and Quang Nam provinces (Dak Glei, Ngoc Hoi, Nam Giang, Phuoc Son); related communities in Sekong province, Laos
K'Ho
The Lam Dong plateau in Vietnam's southern Central Highlands, around Da Lat and Di Linh, with smaller communities in adjoining provinces.
Khasi
Khasi and Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, northeast India, with communities in neighboring Assam and in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh.
Khmer Krom
Mekong Delta of southern Vietnam, known in Khmer as Kampuchea Krom, especially around Soc Trang, Tra Vinh and the Kien Giang coast; also communities in Cambodia and overseas
Kuy
Northeastern Thailand (Surin, Sisaket, Buriram, Ubon Ratchathani), northern Cambodia (Preah Vihear, Stung Treng, Kampong Thom) and southern Laos (Salavan, Champasak).
Lanoh
Upper Perak River valley around Lenggong, Hulu Perak district, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia
Mạ
The upper Đồng Nai River basin in the southern Central Highlands of Vietnam, chiefly Lâm Đồng province around Bảo Lộc and Di Linh, extending into Đắk Nông, Đồng Nai and Bình Phước.
Mảng
Upper Đà River valley in Lai Châu Province, northwestern Vietnam, around Mường Tè, Nậm Nhùn and Sìn Hồ; a small related community lives in Jinping County, Yunnan, China.
Mnong
Central Highlands of Vietnam, chiefly Dak Nong, Dak Lak and Lam Dong provinces, and Mondulkiri province in northeastern Cambodia
Nyah Kur
Hill margins of the western Khorat Plateau in Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima and Phetchabun provinces, Thailand.
O Du
Mountains of western Nghệ An province, Vietnam, mainly around Tương Dương on the upper Cả River near the Laos border
Pacoh
Annamite uplands on the border of central Vietnam and Laos: the A Lưới highlands west of Huế and the Quảng Trị hills in Vietnam, and Samuoi and neighboring districts of Salavan province in Laos.
Pear
Small rural communities in central and western Cambodia, notably Kampong Thom province and the areas toward the Cardamom Mountains.
Phai
Upland districts of Nan province in northern Thailand and neighboring Sainyabuli (Xayaboury) province in Laos
Pnar
Jaintia Hills (West and East Jaintia Hills districts) of Meghalaya, India, with smaller communities in neighboring Assam and Bangladesh
Sedang
Northern Central Highlands of Vietnam: the Kon Tum plateau and Ngọc Linh massif, extending into the mountain districts of Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi
Semelai
Tasik Bera wetland and surrounding river valleys in central Pahang, extending into neighboring Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia
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