Penis

External penile anatomy: shaft, glans, foreskin, vasculature, curvature, and scrotal morphology. Dimensions are drawn from urology, sexual medicine, and aesthetic-anatomy literature (Wessells, Veale, Hodgson, Yachia, Kelâmi). The schema is published in the canonical vocabulary for academic transparency and ontology interoperability; **observations against these dimensions are not populated from public-domain photographs**, are not exported to the HuggingFace dataset, and any data collection requires explicit consent and source documentation. See the `observations_source_policy: "internal_only"` file-level flag and the README's two-layer extension model.

Dimensions

• Flaccid length (cm)

  not from photo

  numeric · wessells_1996_pubic_to_glans_tip

  Stretched flaccid length measured from the pubic bone to the tip of the glans, with the suprapubic fat pad fully compressed. Wessells's protocol is the standard urologic measurement.

  Wessells H, Lue TF, McAninch JW (1996). Penile length in the flaccid and erect states: guidelines for penile augmentation. Journal of Urology, 156(3): 995-997.

• Erect length (cm)

  not from photo

  numeric · veale_2015_pubic_to_glans_tip

  Erect length measured from the pubic bone to the tip of the glans. The Veale 2015 systematic review provides population-level nomograms with mean ~13.12 cm and SD ~1.66 cm across the analyzed cohort.

  Veale D, Miles S, Bramley S, Muir G, Hodsoll J (2015). Am I normal? A systematic review and construction of nomograms for flaccid and erect penis length and circumference in up to 15,521 men. BJU International, 115(6): 978-986.

• Flaccid girth (cm)

  not from photo

  numeric · veale_2015_mid_shaft_circumference

  Mid-shaft circumference measured in flaccid state.

  Veale D et al. (2015). BJU International, 115(6): 978-986. Mid-shaft circumference protocol.

• Erect girth (cm)

  not from photo

  numeric · veale_2015_mid_shaft_circumference

  Mid-shaft circumference measured in erect state. Veale 2015 nomogram mean ~11.66 cm, SD ~1.10 cm.

  Veale D et al. (2015). BJU International, 115(6): 978-986.

• Glans morphology

  not from photo

  categorical · glans_shape_qualitative

  Shape of the glans penis as a soft-tissue silhouette.

  Aesthetic-urology and reconstructive-urology descriptors; aligned with terminology used in the Bondil et al. literature on penile aesthetics.

  Valid values (5)

  • acornAcorn— Tapered conical glans with a clear coronal ridge; the most common morphology.
  • mushroomMushroom— Glans wider than the shaft below it, with a pronounced coronal ridge that overhangs the shaft circumference.
  • conicalConical / pointed— Smoothly tapered glans with minimal coronal ridge prominence.
  • blunt_roundedBlunt / rounded— Rounded glans without strong taper; coronal ridge subtle.
  • asymmetricAsymmetric— Notable left-right glans asymmetry as the dominant feature.

• Circumcision status

  not from photo

  categorical · circumcision_status_qualitative

  Status of foreskin presence and surgical history.

  Standard urologic terminology.

  Valid values (4)

  • intactIntact (uncircumcised)— Full foreskin present and functional.
  • circumcised_lowCircumcised — low-and-loose— Circumcision performed leaving more residual penile shaft skin.
  • circumcised_high_tightCircumcised — high-and-tight— Circumcision performed with most or all foreskin removed; tight residual skin.
  • partialPartial / subincision / non-standard— Foreskin partially altered through circumcision style or other procedure.

• Foreskin morphology (when intact)

  not from photo

  categorical · foreskin_length_qualitative

  Morphology of the foreskin in intact subjects. N/A when circumcised.

  Aligned with foreskin-anatomy descriptors used in pediatric-urology and circumcision literature; Hodgson NB and subsequent classifications.

  Valid values (5)

  • longLong (excess overhang)— Foreskin extends substantially beyond the glans tip when flaccid; redundant prepuce.
  • averageAverage— Foreskin covers the glans when flaccid with modest overhang; retracts cleanly.
  • shortShort— Foreskin partially covers the glans when flaccid; glans visible at rest.
  • phimotic_tightTight (phimotic)— Foreskin cannot easily retract over the glans; clinical phimosis spectrum.
  • n_a_circumcisedNot applicable (circumcised)— No foreskin present.

• Curvature severity

  not from photo

  ordinal · yachia_kelami_curvature

  Severity of penile curvature, measured along the angular deviation from straight axis. Used for both congenital curvature and Peyronie's disease assessment.

  Yachia D (1990). Treatment of curvature of the penis: a new operative technique. Journal of Urology, 143(1). Kelâmi A (1983). Classification of congenital and acquired penile deviation. Urologia Internationalis, 38(4).

  Valid values (4)

  • none_straightNone / straight— Less than approximately 10° deviation; visually straight axis.
  • mildMild— Approximately 10-30° deviation; functional, no surgical indication typically.
  • moderateModerate— Approximately 30-60° deviation; may affect intercourse comfort; commonly the surgical-consideration threshold.
  • severeSevere— Greater than approximately 60° deviation; substantial functional impact.

• Curvature direction

  not from photo

  categorical · curvature_direction_qualitative

  Direction of curvature deviation when present.

  Standard urologic terminology aligned with Kelâmi (1983) and Yachia (1990) directional classifications.

  Valid values (6)

  • none_straightNone / straight
  • ventral_downwardVentral (downward)— Curves toward the underside; most common direction in congenital curvature.
  • dorsal_upwardDorsal (upward)— Curves toward the upper side.
  • lateral_leftLateral left— Curves to the subject's left.
  • lateral_rightLateral right— Curves to the subject's right.
  • multiplane_complexMultiplane / complex— Curvature has components in more than one plane (e.g. ventral + lateral); Peyronie's disease commonly produces complex deviations.

• Scrotal hang / position

  not from photo

  ordinal · scrotal_position_qualitative

  Position of the scrotum relative to the inguinal region — affected by cremasteric tone, ambient temperature, and constitutional anatomy.

  Aligned with descriptors used in the urology / scrotoplasty literature; no single canonical scale.

  Valid values (3)

  • high_tightHigh / tight— Scrotum sits high and tight against the perineum; cremasteric contraction or constitutional pattern.
  • normalNormal— Average scrotal hang.
  • low_pendulousLow / pendulous— Scrotum hangs significantly below the base of the penis; relaxed cremasteric state or constitutional pattern.

• Suprapubic fat pad

  not from photo

  ordinal · suprapubic_fat_qualitative

  Subcutaneous fat over the pubic bone. Significantly affects apparent (visible) penile length without changing measured (Wessells-protocol) length. Captured here because the differential between apparent and measured length is itself a constitutional dimension.

  Aligned with the descriptors used in penile-augmentation and bariatric-urology literature on apparent vs measured length differential.

  Valid values (4)

  • absentAbsent / minimal— Pubic bone palpable just under skin; minimal subcutaneous fat.
  • mildMild— Modest fat pad; minor reduction of apparent length vs measured.
  • moderateModerate— Visible fat pad; noticeable apparent-vs-measured length differential.
  • markedMarked— Pronounced suprapubic fat pad; substantial apparent length reduction. Common with elevated BMI.

• Vascularity visibility

  not from photo

  ordinal · surface_vascularity_qualitative

  Visibility of surface veins on the penile shaft. Constitutional variation correlated with overall body fat percentage, vascular morphology, and erection state.

  Surface anatomy descriptor aligned with andrology / sexual-medicine clinical examination terminology.

  Valid values (4)

  • none_visibleNone visible— Surface veins not visible at rest or under engorgement.
  • minimalMinimal— Subtle vein outline under engorgement only.
  • moderateModerate— Visible vein pattern under engorgement.
  • prominentProminent— Pronounced vein pattern visible at rest and under engorgement; common with low body-fat percentage.