Afro-Antillean Panamanian Erotic

Afro-Antillean Panamanians comprise approximately 6% of the Panamanian population per the 2010 INEC census — descendants of the approximately 150,000+ Caribbean labor migrants brought to Panama between 1880 (during French Canal construction) and 1914 (under US Canal construction) primarily from Barbados (the largest source, with approximately 20,000 Barbadian-Panamanians arriving by 1914), Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Martinique (French-speaking), Trinidad, and other Caribbean islands. Concentrated in Panama City (especially Río Abajo, El Chorrillo, San Felipe, Calidonia), Colón (the Caribbean-side Canal terminus, where the Afro-Antillean community has been the demographic majority), Bocas del Toro, and Almirante. The community has historically maintained English-Creole language traditions (alongside Spanish), Anglican-Methodist-Baptist religious traditions distinct from broader Catholic Panama, and Caribbean-Anglophone musical and culinary traditions. The community was substantially marginalized in early-20th c. Panamanian nationalist politics — the 1941 Constitution under Arnulfo Arias retroactively stripped Panamanian citizenship from the Afro-Antillean population, creating a stateless population that was re-enfranchised only after the 1946 Constitution. The Afro-Antillean Panamanian community has produced political leaders including former President Eduardo Vallarino plus prominent musicians and athletes.