Mexico

Mexico's population presents one of the most internally diverse phenotype distributions in Latin America, reflecting the country's status as a long-standing zone of admixture between indigenous Mesoamerican peoples (Nahua, Maya, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and dozens of smaller groups), Spanish and other European settlers, and African populations brought during the colonial period. The dominant Mestizo population carries average ancestry of roughly 62% Native American, 32% European, and 3.5% African per genome-wide studies, but self-identification, regional concentration, and individual variance all produce a much wider phenotypic range than the genome-wide average suggests.

Skin tone across the population spans the full Fitzpatrick range from II (in northern Mexico and self-identified European-descended communities) through V (in indigenous-majority communities and parts of the Costa Chica), with Fitzpatrick III–IV the modal range. Northern Mexican states (Sonora, Chihuahua, Nuevo León) trend toward lighter modal skin tones with higher European-admixture proportions; southern states (Oaxaca, Chiapas, Yucatán) trend toward Fitzpatrick IV–V with higher Indigenous-ancestry proportions; and the Costa Chica coastal region of Guerrero and Oaxaca contains Mexico's most concentrated Afro-Mexican phenotype distribution, with Fitzpatrick V–VI common. Hair is overwhelmingly dark brown to black with straight to wavy texture in indigenous and Mestizo populations (Andre Walker 1A–2B), curly to coily in Afro-Mexican populations (3A–4C), and with naturally lighter shades concentrated in self-identified European-descended families. Eye color is predominantly brown across the population, with a higher frequency of light-eye variants in Spanish-Mexican and northern-Mexican populations than the national average. Facial features and build show similar regional patterning, with Mesoamerican-indigenous features (epicanthic folds, broader nasal bases, prominent cheekbones, shorter average stature) concentrated in southern and rural-indigenous communities, and European-ancestry features (narrower nasal bridges, taller stature, oval-to-rectangular face shapes) concentrated in northern and urban-Mestizo communities. Internal variance within every region is high — the country's regional and individual diversity exceeds what any aggregate description can fully capture.